英语新闻丨特朗普宣布对华等贸易伙伴加征全面关税

US President Donald Trump unveiled a new tariff policy on Wednesday afternoon to impose new tariffs on nearly all US trading partners, including a 34 percent levy on China.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于当地时间周三下午宣布实施新的关税政策，将对包括中国在内的几乎所有美国贸易伙伴加征新关税，其中对中国商品将征收34%的关税。Trump, speaking from the White House Rose Garden, announced an "economic emergency", introducing a 10 percent "baseline" tariff on imported goods and additional punitive tariffs targeting around 60 countries with what he called "unfair trade practices".在白宫玫瑰园发表讲话时，特朗普宣布美国进入"经济紧急状态"，提出对进口商品征收10%的"基准"关税，并对约60个存在所谓"不公平贸易行为"的国家加征惩罚性关税。Trump said the tariff on all countries, except Canada and Mexico, will take effect on Saturday. He also announced that there would be "individualized" tariffs for countries that have the largest trade deficits with the United States, which would go into effect on April 9.特朗普表示，除加拿大和墨西哥外，针对所有国家的关税将于本周六生效。他还宣布，对美存在最大贸易逆差的国家将实施"差别化"关税政策，该措施将于4月9日生效。"For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike," Trump said, claiming that the tariffs were designed to boost domestic manufacturing."数十年来，我们的国家被远近邻邦、盟友与对手共同掠夺、劫掠、压榨和剥削。"特朗普声称，这些关税政策旨在重振美国制造业。During his remarks, Trump displayed a chart detailing various US trading partners, highlighting what he claimed were the tariffs those countries imposed on the United States. He then proposed that the US would apply reciprocal tariffs at half the rate charged by each nation, including China's alleged 67 percent effective tariff rate when factoring in "currency manipulation and trade barriers".在演讲过程中，特朗普展示了一份详细列举美国各贸易伙伴的图表，重点强调他声称的这些国家对美征收的关税水平。他进而提出，美国将按各国现行税率的一半征收对等关税，其中包括在考虑"货币操纵和贸易壁垒"因素后，中国据称实施的67%实际有效关税。China, a central focus, was on the top of the chart, followed by the European Union.作为核心关注对象的中国在图表中位列首位，欧盟紧随其后。"[On China], we're going to be charging a discounted reciprocal tariff of 34 percent,"said Trump. Before today's announcement, Trump had already imposed 10 percent tariffs on Chinese goods in two separate rounds, one in February and another in March.美国总统特朗普说："针对中国，我们将征收34%的折扣对等关税。"在今天的宣布之前，特朗普已经对两轮中国商品征收10%的关税，一轮是在2月，另一轮是在3月。Later, White House documents detailed specific rates: China faces a 54 percent total tariff, with a new 34 percent added to the existing 20 percent, as confirmed by Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent. Other rates include the EU at 20 percent, Vietnam at 46 percent, Japan at 24 percent, Korea at 25 percent, India at 26 percent, Cambodia at 49 percent.白宫文件显示，中国商品实际总关税将达54%，即在现有20%基础上新增34%。财政部长斯科特·贝森特确认了这一叠加机制。 此次加征关税前，特朗普政府已在今年2月和3月分两批对中国商品加征10%关税。根据最新清单，其他主要经济体税率分别为：欧盟20%、越南46%、日本24%、韩国25%、印度26%、柬埔寨49%。Trump said that the tariffs would address years of "unfair" trade practices, during which he claimed other countries had been exploiting the US.特朗普声称，这些关税将纠正多年来的"不公平"贸易行为，制止他国"剥削"美国。US stock markets quickly erased earlier gains following Trump's remarks. In after-hours trading, S&P 500 futures dropped by 1.5 percent.在特朗普发表上述讲话后，美国股市迅速回吐早盘涨幅。标普500指数期货在盘后交易中下挫1.5%。Numerous US lawmakers criticized Trump's tariff hike. Senator Tim Kaine, a Virginia Democrat, said that "many of my Republican colleagues in Congress have already expressed concerns about these tariffs". Kaine authored a resolution to block Trump's tariffs on Canadian imports, which passed the Senate on Wednesday.众多美国议员批评了特朗普的加征关税措施。弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩透露，“我在国会的许多共和党同事已经表达了对这些关税的担忧”。凯恩撰写了一项决议，阻止特朗普对加拿大进口商品加征关税，该决议于周三在参议院获得通过。"His [Trump's] half-baked trade war will only raise prices for consumers," said Senator Peter Welch, a Vermont Democrat.佛蒙特州民主党籍参议员彼得·韦尔奇直言："这场（特朗普）草率发动的贸易战只会推高消费者物价。"Senator Susan Collins, a Maine Republican, said: "If these tariffs go into effect, it will be so harmful. And as price hikes always do, they will hurt those the most who can afford them the least."缅因州共和党籍参议员苏珊·柯林斯警告称："这些关税一旦实施将造成严重损害。正如物价上涨的惯常效应，承受能力最脆弱的群体必将首当其冲。"Speaking shortly after Trump, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said the reciprocal tariffs announced by the US President will "fundamentally change the international trading system". He also said Canada would fight American tariffs with countermeasures, although his country and Mexico were not on the list of new tariffs.Trump described the exclusion as an effort to stop illegal immigration and drug smuggling.在特朗普宣布政策后，加拿大总理马克·卡尼随即表示，美国总统推行的对等关税政策将"从根本上改变国际贸易体系"。尽管加墨两国未被列入新关税清单，但卡尼强调加拿大将采取反制措施。特朗普将这一排斥行动描述为遏制非法移民和毒品走私的努力。Hours before Trump's announcement, Stephane Dujarric, spokesperson for the United Nations (UN), told China Daily at Wednesday's noon briefing that the UN has "expressed concern about what we've seen", which is "a rise in economic protectionism" and is concerned "about the impact it could have on the global economy".在特朗普正式宣布前数小时，联合国秘书长发言人斯特凡·杜加里克于周三午间例行记者会上回应《中国日报》提问时表示，联合国已对当前"经济保护主义抬头态势表示关切"，并担忧此举"可能对全球经济产生冲击"。Dujarric told the press conference at the UN headquarters in New York last week that the UN consistently encourages member states to settle trade disputes through constructive dialogue or established mechanisms.杜加里克上周在纽约联合国总部记者会上重申，联合国始终倡导会员国通过建设性对话或既有机制解决贸易争端。"I think we've spoken about the issue of tariffs and our position remains the same. We live in a very much global interlinked economy. It is important that member states resolve their trade issues through constructive engagement or through existing architecture, whether it's within the UN or not. And we've seen other countries put up tariffs. These are things that can have very severe impacts on the global economy," he said.“我想我们已经谈到了关税问题，我们的立场仍然不变。我们生活在一个深度互联的全球经济体系当中。各成员国无论通过联合国框架内外的建设性接触或现有机制解决贸易争端都至关重要。我们也看到其他国家提高了关税。这些因素都会对全球经济产生非常严重的影响，"杜加里克说。Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, said on Tuesday that Europe has a plan to retaliate if Trump imposes widespread tariffs. "Europe did not start this confrontation," she said to EU lawmakers.欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩周二表态，若特朗普实施全面关税，欧盟已制定反制预案。她对欧盟立法者说：“欧洲并没有挑起这场对抗”。"There's only one conclusion: Trump is convinced that he's smarter than the many economists and business leaders who have urged him not to raise tariffs and risk a trade war," Anthony Moretti, an associate professor in the Communication and Organizational Leadership Department at Robert Morris University in Pennsylvania, told the China Daily.宾夕法尼亚州罗伯特莫里斯大学传播与组织领导系副教授安东尼·莫雷蒂向《中国日报》分析指出："唯一合理的解释是，特朗普坚信自己比众多经济学家和商界领袖更高明——这些人士反复警告加征关税将引发贸易战风险。""A trade war would harm Americans and people from all over the world, and it will damage bilateral relations," he said.莫雷蒂说："贸易战不仅将伤害美国民众和世界各国人民，更会严重损害双边关系。"Trump signed another executive order effective May 2 to remove tariff exemptions for Chinese imports valued at $800 or less and intends to apply the same measure to other countries once the federal government confirms it has the necessary staffing and resources in place. The "de minimis" exemption was helpful to popular e-commerce websites Temu and Shein.特朗普签署的另一项行政令于5月2日生效，取消了对价值800美元或以下的中国进口商品的关税豁免，并打算在联邦政府确认必要的人员和资源到位后，对其他国家实施同样的措施。这项“最低限度”豁免曾对热门电商平台Temu和Shein有所帮助。Moretti said that Trump "slammed" China twice on Wednesday. "The 34 percent tariffs will likely draw the bigger headlines, and any response from China will only magnify what he said. But the president also eliminated the‘de minimis' rule that eliminated tariffs on imported items of less than $800," he said. "In effect, what the president has decided is that everything entering the US from China must include a tariff. ""特朗普周三实际上对中国实施了双重打击。"莫雷蒂解读道，"34%的特别关税固然占据新闻头条，中方任何反制措施都将放大其政策效应。但更隐蔽的杀招在于废止800美元以下商品免税规则——这意味着总统实质上决定，所有中国输美商品都必须缴纳关税。"And that means higher prices whether the item is inexpensive or costly. Poorer Americans will especially feel the pain of higher prices because they have fewer dollars to spend," Moretti added."无论商品价格高低，最终都将推升终端售价。对经济拮据的美国低收入群体而言，这种物价上涨带来的痛感将尤为强烈。"莫雷蒂补充道。impose new tariffs征收关税the largest trade deficits最大贸易逆差reciprocal tariffs对等关税hikev.上涨；上升economic protectionism经济保护主义tariff exemptions关税豁免