英语新闻丨北京发誓坚决打击关税

China has vowed to take firm and necessary countermeasures in response to the United States' escalating tariff threats, reaffirming its commitment to defending national interests while upholding the stability of the global trade system.中国发誓将采取坚决必要措施，以应对美国不断升级的关税威胁，重申其维护国家利益和维护全球贸易体系稳定的决心。Analysts said that China's move sent a strong signal to the international community of rejecting unilateralism and joining efforts to safeguard multilateral trade rules.分析人士表示，中国此举向国际社会发出强烈信号，表明中国反对单边主义，携手维护多边贸易规则。They noted that Beijing retains ample policy tools to respond, including raising tariffs on US energy and agricultural imports, as well as further expanding export controls on critical minerals such as rare earth elements. These targeted actions are expected to increase pressure on Washington and could pave the way for a return to rational negotiations, they added.他们指出，北京方面拥有充足的政策工具来应对，包括提高对美国能源和农产品进口的关税，以及进一步扩大对稀土元素等关键矿产的出口管制。他们补充说，这些有针对性的行动预计将加大对华盛顿的压力，并可能为恢复理性谈判铺平道路。"China will resolutely take countermeasures to safeguard its rights and interests, should the United States escalate its tariff measures," the Ministry of Commerce said in a statement on Tuesday, hours after the US threatened to impose a further 50 percent tariff on China if Beijing does not withdraw its 34 percent counter-tariff.中国商务部周二在一份声明中表示：“如果美国升级关税措施，中方将坚决采取反制措施，维护自身权益。”此前数小时，美国威胁称，如果北京不撤销已加征的34%反制关税，将对中国进一步加征50%的关税。US President Donald Trump signed an executive order on April 2 regarding the so-called "reciprocal tariffs", imposing a 10 percent "baseline tariff" and higher rates on certain trading partners.美国总统唐纳德·特朗普于4月2日签署了一项关于所谓“对等关税”的行政命令，决定对部分贸易伙伴征收10%的“基准关税”，并提高其税率。Last week, Beijing adopted an array of countermeasures, including an additional 34 percent tariff on US imports, following a decision by the US to impose an additional 34 percent tariff on Chinese imports.上周，继美国决定对中国进口产品加征34%的关税后，北京方面采取了一系列反制措施，包括对美国进口产品加征34%的关税。"The US' tariff escalation threat against China compounds its mistake and further exposes its nature of blackmail, which China will never accept," the ministry said. "China will fight till the end if the US is bent on going down the wrong path."中国商务部表示：“美方对华升级关税威胁加剧了其错误，进一步暴露了其讹诈本质，中方绝不接受。如果美方执意沿着错误的路走下去，中方将坚决斗争到底。”Analysts believe that the set of forceful and targeted countermeasures that Beijing has taken showed that it has ample tools at its disposal, especially against sectors and companies that are priorities for the Trump administration, and where China's dependence is not significant.分析人士认为，北京方面采取的一系列强硬且有针对性的反制措施表明，其拥有充足的反制手段，尤其针对特朗普政府重点关注、而中国对美依赖程度不高的行业和企业。The energy and agricultural sectors that Trump hopes to bolster are also the primary industries in some US states. Intensifying sanctions on these sectors would therefore heighten domestic pressure on the Trump administration, said Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities.特朗普希望加强的能源和农业部门，也是美国一些州的主要产业。因此，粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，加大对这些行业的制裁力度将加剧特朗普政府的国内压力。Luo said that China can consider extending export restrictions to potentially include lighter rare earth elements like lanthanum and cerium, as the US is highly dependent on such Chinese imports.罗志恒表示，中国可以考虑扩大出口限制，可能将镧和铈等较轻的稀土元素也纳入其中，因为美国高度依赖中国进口稀土元素。"The trade war this time is not one that can easily be settled through concessions," Luo said. "China must take firm and resolute countermeasures to defend its interests, which will then compel the US to come back to the negotiating table."“这次的贸易战不是一场能轻易通过让步解决的贸易战，”罗志恒表示，“中国必须采取坚决有力的反制措施，捍卫自身利益，从而迫使美国重返谈判桌。”The US saw widespread protests over the weekend that in part opposed the Trump administration's aggressive tariff policies, which are seen as inflicting real economic pain on households and businesses across the country.上周末，美国爆发了大规模抗议活动，部分原因是抗议特朗普政府激进的关税政策，这些政策被认为给美国各地的家庭和企业带来了实质性经济伤害。Steve Lamar, president and CEO of the American Apparel & Footwear Association, said in a statement last week, "To be clear, tariffs are taxes borne by the American companies that import the goods and the hardworking American families that buy those goods."美国服装和鞋类协会主席兼首席执行官史蒂夫·拉马尔上周在一份声明中表示：“明确地说，关税是由进口商品的美国公司和购买这些商品的辛勤工作的美国家庭承担的税款。”"Tariffs will significantly increase the cost of manufacturing in the US, and, when paired with the retaliatory tariffs that will surely come, will undermine US export opportunities as well," Lamar said.“关税将大幅增加美国制造业的成本，再加上必然会采取的报复性关税，还将损害美国的出口机会。”拉马尔说道。China's potent countermeasures don't mean that a trade war is the only way forward, as Beijing stands ready to talk with Washington.中国的强硬反制措施并不意味着贸易战是唯一的出路，北京随时准备与华盛顿对话。China urges the US to immediately correct its wrongdoing, cancel all unilateral tariff measures against China, stop its economic and trade suppression, and settle differences with China properly through dialogue on an equal footing and on the basis of mutual respect, the Commerce Ministry said.中国商务部表示，中方敦促美方立即纠正错误做法，取消所有针对中国的单边关税措施，停止其经贸打压，并在平等和相互尊重的基础上通过对话妥善解决与中方的分歧。Beijing is not alone in facing the Trump administration's "Liberation Day" tariffs. The White House has dragged its own long-standing allies into the fray, including imposing additional tariffs as high as 20 percent on imports from the European Union, 25 percent on imports from South Korea and 24 percent on imports from Japan.北京并非唯一面临特朗普政府“解放日”关税的国家。白宫将其长期盟友拖入战局，包括对欧盟进口产品征收高达20%的额外关税，对韩国进口产品征收高达25%的额外关税，对日本进口产品征收高达24%的额外关税。"By placing massive and disproportionate tariffs on our friends and our enemies alike and thereby launching a global economic war against the whole world at once, we are in the process of destroying confidence in our country as a trading partner, as a place to do business and as a market to invest capital," said Bill Ackman, a hedge fund titan who endorsed Trump's run for president.支持特朗普竞选总统的对冲基金巨头比尔·阿克曼表示：“通过对我们的朋友和敌人征收巨额且不成比例的关税，从而同时向全世界发动一场全球经济战，我们正在摧毁人们对我国作为贸易伙伴、经商环境和投资市场的信心。”"We will severely damage our reputation with the rest of the world that will take years and potentially decades to rehabilitate," Ackman said in a post on social media platform X.阿克曼在社交媒体平台X上发帖称：“这将严重损害我们在世界其他国家的声誉，需要数年甚至数十年才能恢复。”Ma Guangyuan, a senior economist, said the era of the US calling the shots and forcing countries to choose sides is over, as the US-led trade system is falling apart. However, this does not mean the end of free trade itself, as the global community still recognizes the benefits of open economic cooperation, Ma said.资深经济学家马光远表示，美国发号施令、迫使各国选边站队的时代已经结束，美国主导的贸易体系正在崩溃。然而，这并不意味着自由贸易本身的终结，因为国际社会仍然认同开放经济合作的益处。"Economics will triumph over politics and free trade will overcome hegemony," Ma added. "China can seize this chance to broaden its circle of friends and jointly foster a new trade framework on the foundation of equality, freedom and mutual benefits with other economies."“经济将战胜政治，自由贸易将战胜霸权，”马光远补充道。“中国可以抓住这个机会，扩大‘朋友圈’，与其他经济体共同构建一个在平等、自由、互利基础上的新型贸易框架。”High-ranking officials from Italy, Portugal and France, as well as the European commissioner for trade and economic security, visited China in late March. Around the same time, South Korea and Japan agreed to accelerate negotiations with China on the stalled trilateral free trade agreement.意大利、葡萄牙和法国的高级官员以及欧盟贸易和经济安全事务专员于3月底访华。与此同时，韩国和日本同意加快与中国就陷入僵局的三边自由贸易协定进行谈判。"Our championing of free trade is not just a response to US aggression, but a strategic initiative to guide the development of the multilateral system in a direction that benefits all," said Mei Xinyu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.中国国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员梅新育表示。“中国倡导自由贸易不仅是对美国侵略行为的回应，更是引导多边体系朝着惠及各方方向发展的战略举措，”"The US' blanket, across-the-board imposition of high tariffs this time might end up uniting all the affected economies into a shared marketplace that could potentially dwarf the size of the US market," Mei said.梅新育说：“美国此次全面征收高额关税，最终可能会将所有受影响的经济体联合成一个共享市场，这可能会使美国市场的规模相形见绌。”countermeasuresn.反制措施baseline tariffn.基线关税unilateralismn.单边主义blackmailn.讹诈；威胁disproportionate tariffs不成比例的关税economic coercionn.经济胁迫