英语新闻丨China hits back at US tariffs to defend rules-based trade

China will raise additional tariffs on all goods imported from the United States to 84 percent, starting at 12:01 am on Thursday, and has added 18 US entities to its export control and unreliable entity lists in order to counter the US' unilateral tariff hikes.中国将于周四零点零1分起对自美国进口的全部商品加征关税至84%，并将18家美国实体企业列入出口管制清单和不可靠实体清单，以反制美方单方面加征关税。Analysts said the countermeasures send a clear message that China, the world's second-largest economy, is prepared to stand firm in defense of its legitimate interests and the rules-based multilateral trading system.分析师表示，这些反制措施传递出明确信号：作为全球第二大经济体，中国已做好准备坚决捍卫自身合法权益及以规则为准的多边贸易体系。On Wednesday evening, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Ministry of Education issued separate risk alert to tourists and students planning to go to the US.周三晚间，中国文化和旅游部与教育部分别对计划赴美旅游和留学人员发布了风险预警。Beijing's latest moves follow Washington's decision to increase its so-called "reciprocal tariffs" on Chinese goods to 84 percent, bringing the total additional tariffs imposed by the current Trump administration to 104 percent.中方最新举措是对华盛顿决定将所谓"对等关税"提高至84%的回应，至此特朗普政府任内对华加征关税总额已达104%。The Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council, China's Cabinet, said in a statement on Wednesday that the US' decision to increase tariffs on Chinese goods is "a mistake upon a mistake".国务院关税税则委员会周三发表声明指出，美方提高对华商品关税是"错上加错"。The US' tariff hikes, which severely infringe on China's legitimate rights and interests, damage the rules-based multilateral trading system and destabilize the global economic order, are "a clear example of unilateralism, protectionism and economic coercion", the commission said.该委员会表示，美方加征关税严重侵犯中国合法权益，损害基于规则的多边贸易体系，扰乱全球经济秩序，是"典型的单边主义、保护主义和经济胁迫"。Also on Wednesday, the Ministry of Commerce announced that it has included 12 more US entities, including American Photonics and BRINC Drones, on China's export control list, thereby effectively banning the export of dual-use items — goods that can be used for both civilian and military purposes — from China to these entities.同样在本周三，商务部宣布将包括美国光电公司和布莱恩无人机公司在内的另外12家美国实体列入中国出口管制清单。从而有效地禁止了中国向这些实体出口军民两用物项（兼具民用和军事用途的商品）。The ministry said it has also added six more US companies, including Shield AI and Cyberlux Corp, to China's unreliable entity list. It means these companies are banned from trading or investing in the country.该部门同时将6家美国企业列入不可靠实体清单，新增企业包括Shield AI、赛博勒克斯公司等。被列入清单意味着这些企业被禁止在华开展贸易投资活动。Furthermore, China has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization over the latest US tariff hikes, the ministry added.商务部补充称，中方已就美方最新加征关税措施向世界贸易组织提起诉讼。Guo Kai, executive president of CF40 Institute, a research center affiliated with the think tank China Finance 40 Forum, said Beijing's strong countermeasures have proved that Washington's expectations of China succumbing to the pressure of US tariffs were miscalculated.智库“中国金融四十人论坛”下属研究中心CF40研究院执行院长郭凯表示，中方强有力的反制措施证明，美方期待中国屈服于关税压力的预期构成了战略误判。。It may take some time, but Beijing's firm stand to "fight until the end" will make Washington realize that it underestimated China's endurance to tariffs, Guo said, underscoring that the realization would eventually bring the US back to the negotiation table.郭凯指出，尽管可能需要时间，但中方"奉陪到底"的坚定立场将使美方意识到其低估了中国承受关税压力的耐力，这种认知最终将促使美方重返谈判桌。"And when that time comes, it (the negotiation) will be on China's terms, not on the US' terms," Guo added.郭凯强调："当谈判重启之时，届时谈判将按中方条件进行，而非美方条件。"Lin Meng, director of the modern supply chain research institute at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation in Beijing, noted that China's countermeasures reflect its firm opposition to US hegemony and underscore its commitment to upholding a fair, rules-based global trading system.中国国际贸易与经济合作研究院现代供应链研究所所长林梦指出，中方反制措施既体现了反对美国霸权的坚定立场，也彰显了维护公平、基于规则的全球贸易体系的决心。"This offers other countries a reference for defending their interests through multilateralism and reinforces the importance of a rules-based global trading system amid rising unilateral pressures," Lin said.林梦表示："这为各国通过多边主义捍卫自身利益提供了范例，并在单边压力加剧之际强化了基于规则的全球贸易体系的重要性。"Li Haidong, a professor at China Foreign Affairs University's Institute of International Relations, said the White House is playing the tariff card to advance its domestic political agenda and secure gains in the upcoming midterm elections.中国外交学院国际关系研究所教授李海东表示，白宫正通过关税牌推进国内政治议程，为即将到来的中期选举谋取利益。"Given that China is a staunch proponent of globalization, the Trump administration is escalating the 'tariff war' in an attempt to overturn the multilateral trading system of the past decades and recast it in a way that preserves the US' dominance and allows it to continue draining the rest of world," Li said.李海东指出："中国作为全球化坚定捍卫者，正面临特朗普政府不断升级的'关税战'，其意图是颠覆过去数十年的多边贸易体系，重构有利于维持美国霸权、允许其持续掠夺全球的体系。"However, global consulting firm PwC told China Daily that the US' "reciprocal tariff" policy may only encourage other countries to strengthen regional economic cooperation by establishing regional free trade zones and enhancing trade agreements, thereby reducing trade costs and improving supply chain stability.不过，普华永道会计师事务所向《中国日报》表示，美国的"对等关税"政策或将促使其他国家通过建立区域自贸区、深化贸易协定等方式加强区域经济合作，从而降低贸易成本、提升供应链稳定性。Su Jian, a professor of economics at Peking University, said that for the next step, it is essential for Chinese companies to minimize related risk exposure by adjusting trade partner selection, managing order cycles, reassessing key supply chain interdependency, strengthening communication with US market partners, and preparing for future supply security and pricing mechanisms.北京大学经济学教授苏剑建议，下一步中国企业应通过以下措施最大限度降低相关风险敞口：调整贸易伙伴选择、管理订单周期、重新评估关键供应链依赖关系、加强与美方市场伙伴沟通、做好未来供应保障和定价机制准备。countermeasuresn.对抗措施reciprocal tariffs对等关税unreliable entity list不可靠实体清单export control list出口管制清单unilateralism单边主义multilateralism多边主义filed a complaint提起诉讼